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Nicotine alters the neural activity responsible for the attention I was

Nicotine impairs the ability 'of neurons to communicate and process information with a consequent reduction of our ability' to pay attention. And 'This is the result of an experimental study conducted by a team of neurobiologists SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies in Trieste, led by Enrico Cherubini and published in the journal The Journal of Neuroscience. In particular, scientists of the School, in collaboration with French researchers from the Institut de la Méditerranée Neurobiology Marseille, have shown that a small amount 'of nicotine - that present in the blood after smoking two cigarettes - and' able to inhibit the operation of interneurons in the hippocampus, a region of the brain essential for learning and memory, altering our cognitive functions. Interneurons are the neurons that make synapses with other neurons and form local circuits: modulating the nerve impulse, regulate the activity of principal cells so that 'unable to manage the sensory inputs. Interneurons
''- says Enrico Cherubini, coordinator of the field of neurobiology of Sissa - simultaneously release from their terminals, the gamma-aminobutyric acid, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter present in the brain. So 'can synchronize thousands of excitatory cells and give rise to the rhythms of higher cognitive functions responsible. Resonating, that 'acting in unison, allow us to process the information we receive from outside.'' During his PhD at SISSA, Marilena Griguolo tested the behavior of these cells stimulated with specific chemicals and has seen how the O-LM interneurons''''(Oriens-lacunosum molecular) also negatively affected the hippocampus of small concentrations of nicotine. This substance''manages to block specific ion channels located directly on the surface, very similar and involved in ritmogenesi a quelli responsabili del ritmo cardiaco - precisa Cherubini -. Si tratta di un meccanismo inibitorio diverso da quello finora noto, determinato invece dall'attivazione da parte della nicotina di recettori specifici presenti sulla superficie delle cellule nervose''. (Sn)